Power grip button

ABSTRACT

A roof mounting system for mounting one or more roof-mounted fixtures to a roof includes a roofing system having a top surface and a roof attachment assembly that includes a first plate having a first plate aperture, a second plate connected to the first plate, a third plate including a third plate aperture, the third plate connected to the second plate, a nut, and a first fastener including a first head positioned between the second plate and the third plate and a first shaft extending through the third plate aperture and the nut. A second fastener has a head positioned between the first and second plates and a shaft extending through the first plate aperture and through the roofing system top surface. The force required to separate the first plate and the second plate is greater than the force required to separate the second plate and the third plate.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/623,348, filed Sep. 20, 2012, which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/538,262, filed Sep. 23, 2011, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to a roof mount assembly for mounting one or more fixtures to a roof and a method for mounting one or more fixtures to the roof.

SUMMARY

In one embodiment, the invention provides a pre-assembled roof mount assembly that is fixable to a roof surface. The pre-assembled roof mount assembly is operable to support one or more roof mountable fixtures after being fixed to the roof surface.

In some embodiments, the invention provides a roof mounting system for mounting one or more roof-mounted fixtures to a roof includes a roofing system having a top surface and a roof attachment assembly mounted to the top surface of the roofing system. The roof attachment system includes a plate having an aperture, at least one membrane patch coupled to the plate, at least one disc including a disc aperture, a nut, and a first fastener including a head positioned adjacent the at least one membrane patch and a shaft extending through the at least one disc aperture and the nut. A second fastener includes a head positioned adjacent the plate and a shaft extending through the plate aperture and through the roofing system top surface, to connect the roof attachment assembly to the roofing system.

In some embodiments, the invention provides a roof attachment assembly mountable to the top surface of a roofing system. The roof attachment system includes a plate defining an aperture and having a central recessed portion, a middle raised portion, a first transition between the central recessed portion and the middle raised portion, an outer recessed portion, and a second transition between the middle raised portion and the other recessed portion. The roof attachment system further includes a first membrane patch coupled to the middle raised portion of the plate, a disc including a disc aperture, a second membrane patch coupled to the first membrane patch and substantially containing the disc between the first membrane patch and the second membrane patch, the second membrane including a membrane aperture, and a fastener including a head positioned adjacent the first membrane patch and a shaft extending through the disc aperture and the membrane aperture. The plate is connected to a roof system by inserting a protrusion into the roof and the plate aperture, and wherein the fastener is connected to a roof-mounted apparatus to support the roof-mounted apparatus on the roof system.

In some embodiments, the invention provides one or more pre-determined points of failure that are designed to fail prior to the connection between the first membrane patch and the membrane of the roofing system. One such pre-determined point of failure is that the second membrane patch is deformable to permit the disc to detach from the roofing system by sliding out through the deformed, and thus enlarged, membrane aperture.

In some embodiments, the invention provides a gauge permitting a user to consistently install a fastener to a pre-determined depth in the roofing system top surface. The gauge defines a thickness and includes a slot. The thickness corresponds to the pre-determined depth and the slot is sized to permit lateral travel of the fastener therethrough. The gauge is positionable adjacent the roofing system top surface and the fastener is insertable through the slot. When the head of the fastener abuts the gauge, the fastener is at the pre-determined depth. The gauge is removed from the fastener by sliding the fastener along the slot to thereby detach the gauge from the fastener and the roofing system. The gauge is re-usable and can be carried or stored easily by the user. In some embodiments, the gauge is the size of a credit card so as to fit into a wallet or pocket. In other embodiments, the gauge has a handle or hook for securing to a tool belt or rope for easy access.

In another embodiment the invention provides a method of mounting the pre-assembled roof mount to a roof surface and mounting one or more roof mountable fixtures to the pre-assembled roof mount after the roof mount is fixed to the roof surface.

In some embodiments, the invention provides a method of installing a roof attachment assembly to a top surface of a roofing system to permit mounting of a roof-mounted apparatus to the roofing system. The method includes inserting a first fastener into the top surface of the roofing system, such that a head of the first fastener protrudes above the top surface of the roofing system, positioning a roof attachment assembly adjacent the head of the first fastener, and inserting the head of the first fastener into an aperture defined in a plate of the roof attachment assembly. The method further includes moving the roof attachment assembly with respect to the head of the first fastener to couple the roof attachment assembly to the roofing system, forming a seal around the first fastener, and coupling a roof-mounted apparatus to the roof attachment assembly to thereby mount the roof-mounted apparatus to the roofing system.

A roof mounting system for mounting one or more roof-mounted fixtures to a roof includes a roofing system having a top surface and a roof attachment assembly that mounts to the top surface of the roofing system. The roof attachment assembly includes a first plate having a first plate aperture, a second plate connected to the first plate, a third plate including a third plate aperture, the third plate connected to the second plate, a nut, and a first fastener including a first head positioned between the second plate and the third plate and a first shaft extending through the third plate aperture and the nut. The roof mounting system further includes a second fastener having a second head positioned between the first plate and the second plate and a second shaft extending through the first plate aperture and through the roofing system top surface, to couple the roof attachment assembly to the roofing system. The force required to separate the first plate and the second plate is greater than the force required to separate the second plate and the third plate.

Other aspects of the invention will become apparent by consideration of the detailed description and accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a roof mount assembly over a roof according to some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the roof mount assembly taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the roof mount assembly according to some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a roof mount assembly according to some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a plate from the roof mount assembly according to some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a plate for a roof mount assembly according to some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a plate for a roof mount assembly according to some embodiments of the present invention

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a screw depth measuring tool according to some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a screw depth measuring tool according to some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a roof mount assembly according to some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the roof mount assembly of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a cross-section view of the roof mount assembly of FIGS. 10-11, taken along line 12-12 of FIG. 10.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a portion of the roof mount assembly of FIGS. 10-12.

FIG. 14 is a top view of a portion of the roof mount assembly of FIGS. 10-13.

FIG. 15 is bottom view of a portion of the roof mount assembly of FIGS. 10-14.

FIG. 16 is an exploded view of a roof mount assembly according to some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is cross-section view of the roof mount assembly of FIG. 16, taken along the same line as the cross-section view of FIG. 12.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a roof mount assembly according to some embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a partially exploded view of the roof mount assembly of FIG. 18.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before any independent embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the following drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items.

Unless specified or limited otherwise, the terms “mounted,” “connected,” “supported,” and “coupled” and variations thereof are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirect mountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Further, “connected” and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings.

Also, it is to be understood that phraseology and terminology used herein with reference to device or element orientation (such as, for example, terms like “central,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” etc.) are only used to simplify description of embodiments of the present invention and do not alone indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation. In addition, terms such as “first” and “second” are used herein for purposes of description and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance or significance.

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a roofing system 10 including a metal roof deck 12, a roof substrate 14 (e.g., insulation, tarpaper, plywood or other decking material, and the like) supported on the roof deck 12, a membrane 16 extending across the substrate 14 (i.e., placed immediately adjacent an upper surface of the substrate 14 or supported on one or more intermediate layers of roofing or sealing material, which in turn are placed on the substrate 14). The roofing system 10 can be utilized on any of a variety of roof types, such as slate roofs, membrane roofs, aluminum roofs, standing seam roofs, tile roofs, shingle roofs, and the like.

The roofing system 10 is operable to support any of a variety of roof-mounted fixtures, such as, for example, snow fences, solar panels, conduit for solar panels, cables for lighting rods, an antenna, signs, billboards, or any of a number of other roof-mountable assemblies. Depending on one or more of the geographic location, anticipated quantity and type of precipitation, and anticipated roof and wind loading, the roofing system 10 can include any of a variety of membrane, flashing, seal and plate arrangements, as will be discussed below.

A roof attachment assembly 18 can be coupled to the roofing system 10 with few or no fasteners extending through the membrane 16. One such roof attachment assembly 18 is illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 and includes a plate 20, a first membrane patch 22, a first fastener 24, a first disc 26, a second membrane patch 28, a second disc 30, a washer 32 and a nut 34.

The roof attachment assembly 18 can be coupled to the roofing system 10 with any suitable non-penetrating fastening method, such as welding, adhering, gluing, bonding, and the like or by any suitable penetrating method, such as by one or more fasteners extending through the membrane 16. The illustrated roof attachment assembly 18 is coupled to the roofing system 10 by at least one of a second fastener 36 extending into the roofing system 10 and a weld formed between the first membrane patch 22 and the membrane 16. The first membrane patch 22 seals any penetrations caused by the second fastener 36.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the illustrated roof attachment assembly 18 includes a modified RhinoBond® plate as the plate 20. The illustrated plate 20 is metallic and includes a slot 38. In other embodiments, the plate 20 can include a polymeric or a ceramic material. Other plates, such as a plate provided by Centrix™ electrobonding system can be utilized. A variety of plates, discs and the like can be used in place of plate 20 and reference is made to the discussion of FIGS. 5-7 below for some examples of suitable plates.

The roof attachment assembly 18 is operable to support any of a variety of roof-mounted fixtures, such as snow guards, snow fences, solar panels, conduit for solar panels, cables for lighting rods, an antenna, signs, billboards, or any other assembly mountable to a roof. Some roof-mounted fixtures are described in detail in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,609,326, filed Jun. 16, 1995, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,526,701, filed Dec. 6, 2000, the contents of both of which are herein incorporated by reference.

The first membrane patch 22 is flexible and conformable to the contour of the plate 20. The first membrane patch 22 is coupleable to the membrane 16 to substantially seal any aperture caused by the second fastener 36. In some embodiments, the first membrane patch 22 is a target patch that can be welded to the membrane 16. One such welding technique is provided by Rhinobond®. Another such welding technique is provided by Centrix™ electrobonding. Other welding or coupling techniques can be utilized to affix the first membrane patch 22 to the membrane 16.

The illustrated first fastener 24 includes a head 40 and a shaft 42 and is a socket flat head cap screw with double hex ends. The head 40 includes a first hex socket 44 and the shaft 42 includes a second hex socket 46. The illustrated head 40 is tapered outward from the shaft 42. The nut 34 is tightened onto the first fastener 24 by a user inserting a tool, such as a hex key, into the first hex socket 44 and by grasping the nut 34 with a tool, such as a wrench. The first disc 26, the second membrane patch 28, the second disc 30 and the washer 32 are compressed between the head of the first fastener 24 and the nut 34. The first fastener 24 is operable to support one or more roof mounted fixtures. The roof mounted fixture(s) is coupled to the first fastener 24 and a user tightens a nut or other suitable fastener on the first fastener 24. In order to tighten the nut, the user can insert a tool, such as a hex key, into the second hex socket 46 to prevent the first fastener 24 from rotating.

The illustrated first disc 26 includes a substantially centrally located frustoconical protrusion 48 with an aperture 50. The illustrated first disc 26 is metallic, but in other embodiments, can include plastic, ceramic or a combination of plastic, ceramic and metal.

The illustrated second membrane patch 28 includes a substantially centrally located aperture 52. The second membrane patch 28 is flexible and conformable to the frustoconical protrusion 48. The illustrated frustoconical protrusion 48 substantially corresponds to the outwardly tapered head 40 of the first fastener 24. The second membrane patch 28 is coupleable to the first membrane patch 22 to form a substantially water-tight seal.

The illustrated second disc 30 is substantially identical to the illustrated first disc 26. The illustrated second disc 30 includes a substantially centrally located frustoconical protrusion 54 with an aperture 56. The illustrated frustoconical protrusion 54 substantially corresponds to the frustoconical protrusion 48 and the outwardly tapered head 40 of the first fastener 24. The illustrated second disc 30 is metallic, but in other embodiments, can include plastic, ceramic or a combination of plastic, ceramic and metal. In some embodiments, at least of the first disc 26 and the second disc 30 can be omitted.

The illustrated washer 32 is a bonded washer that includes a metallic portion and a polymeric portion. Other washers or similar configurations can be utilized in place of the illustrated washer 32.

The illustrated nut 34 is a flange nut having a hexagonal portion and a circular portion. Other nuts or fastening devices can be utilized in place of the illustrated nut 34.

When the roof attachment assembly 18 is assembled, the first fastener 24 extends through the aperture 50 of the first disc 26, the aperture 52 of the second membrane patch 28, the aperture 56 of the second disc 30, the washer 32 and the nut 34. The second membrane patch 28 is compressed between the first disc 26 and the second disc 30 and is deformed by the frustoconical protrusions 48 and 54. The second membrane patch 28 is connected to the first membrane patch 22, and the plate 20 is connected to the first membrane patch 22, for example by welding. The plate 20, the first membrane patch 22, the first fastener 24, the first disc 26, the second membrane patch 28, the second disc 30, the washer 32 and the nut 34 are coupled to form the roof attachment assembly 18 as a single unit, as illustrated in FIGS. 1-3.

The first fastener 24 and the first disc 26 are not welded or fixed to either the first membrane patch 22 or the second membrane patch 28. Rather, the first fastener 24 and the first disc 26 are free to move with respect to the first membrane patch 22 and with respect to the second membrane patch 28. Further, the second disc 30 is not welded or fixed to the second membrane patch 28. Rather, the second disc 30 is free to move with respect to the second membrane patch 28.

The second fastener 36 includes a head 58 and a shaft 60. The head 58 has a diameter that is substantially larger than a diameter of the shaft 60.

The roof attachment assembly 18 is coupled to the roofing system 10 by the second fastener 36 extending through the slot 38 and into the roofing system 10 and by connecting (for example, welding) the first membrane patch 22 to the plate 20 and to the membrane 16. When the roof attachment assembly 18 is coupled to the roofing system 10, the first mode of failure is pulling the first disc 26 through the second membrane patch 28. The first mode of failure is accomplished by either stretching the second membrane patch 28 to permit the first disc 26 to escape through the aperture 52 of the second membrane patch 28 or by tearing of the second membrane patch 28. In one trial, and given by way of example only, the first failure mode occurs around about 250 pounds of force pulling the roof attachment assembly 18 off of the roofing system 10. In contrast, the weld formed between the membrane 16 and the first membrane patch 22 and/or the weld formed between the first membrane patch 22 and the second membrane patch 28 fails around about 500 lbs force pulling the roof attachment assembly 18 off of the roofing system 10. The configuration of the present application designs the roof attachment assembly 18 to fail in such a way as to avoid damage to the roofing system 10.

In some embodiments, the second membrane patch 28 stretches from between one to two inches without tearing, and without permanently deforming. Specifically, after stretching from between about one to two inches, the second membrane patch 28 reassumes the previous shape. Such stretching provides resilience in windy climates and in locations with seismic activity. In some embodiments, the second membrane patch 28 can stretch about one-half inch laterally and about one inch axially (along an axis of the first fastener 24) without breaking or permanently deforming.

An alternative embodiment of a roof attachment assembly 18′ is illustrated in FIG. 4. The roof attachment assembly 18′ is similar to the roof attachment assembly 18 and only the differences will be discussed in detail herein. The components which are identical are given the same numeral used in FIGS. 1-3 and the components which differ are given a prime (′) after the numeral used in FIGS. 1-3. The primary difference is that the roof attachment assembly 18′ omits the second disc 30. Another difference is that the first membrane patch 22′ has a greater diameter than the first membrane patch 22. The first membrane patch 22′ and the second membrane patch 28 of FIG. 4 are shown with the deformations or contours that are formed when the roof attachment assembly 18′ is assembled.

FIG. 5 more clearly illustrates the plate 20 with the slot 38 of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-4. The plate 20 includes a central recessed portion 62, a middle raised portion 64 and an outer recessed portion 66. The middle raised portion 64 is substantially ring-shaped and substantially encircles the central recessed portion 62. The middle raised portion 64 is positioned in a plane that is spaced from a plane defined by the central recessed portion 62. A first tapered portion 68 extends between the central recessed portion 62 and the middle raised portion 64. The outer recessed portion 66 is substantially ring-shaped and substantially encircles the central recessed portion 62 and the middle raised portion 64. The outer recessed portion 66 is positioned in a plane that is spaced from the plane defined by the middle raised portion 64. In the illustrated embodiment, the central recessed portion 62 and the outer recessed portion 66 are substantially co-planar. A second tapered portion 70 extends between the middle raised portion 64 and the outer recessed portion 66.

The slot 38 includes a first slot portion 72, a second slot portion 74 and a third slot portion 76. The illustrated first slot portion 72 is positioned in the central recessed portion 62, is substantially centrally located and is substantially circular. The illustrated second slot portion 74 is substantially linear, extends radially along the central recessed portion 62 and is connected to the first slot portion 72. The illustrated third slot portion 76 is connected to the second slot portion 74 and extends from the central recessed portion 62, across the first tapered portion 68 and onto the middle raised portion 64. The first slot portion 72 defines a first width (which is a diameter in the illustrated embodiment), the second slot portion 74 defines a second width and the third slot portion 76 defines a third width. The first width is greater than the second width and the third width is greater than the first width and is greater than the second width. The first width is wider than the shaft 60 of the second fastener 36, but is narrower than the head 58 of the second fastener 36. The second width is substantially identical to the shaft 60 of the second fastener 36 and is narrower than the head 58 of the second fastener 36. The third width is wider than both the shaft 60 and the head 58 of the second fastener 36. The second fastener 36 is insertable through the third slot portion 76, along the second slot portion 74 and into the first slot portion 72. The slot 38 is sized to receive the second fastener 36 after the second fastener 36 has been installed in the roofing system 10.

Installation of the roof attachment assembly 18, 18′ on the roofing system 10 according to some embodiments is accomplished by the following steps: installing the second fastener 36 into the roofing system 10, positioning the assembled roof attachment assembly 18, 18′ proximate the second fastener 36, lifting a portion of the first membrane patch 22 to expose the slot 38, inserting the head 58 of the second fastener 36 through the third slot portion 76, sliding the shaft 60 of the second fastener 36 along the second slot portion 74 until the shaft 60 abuts the first slot portion 72, and welding the first membrane patch 22 to the membrane 16. In some embodiments, the roof attachment assembly 18, 18′ is oriented such that the slot 38 is positioned on a downhill part of the roof (such as when the roofing system 10 is sloped).

Other configurations of plates can be utilized in place of the plate 20. FIG. 6 illustrates a plate 120 that has a similar overall shape of plate 20. Specifically, the plate 120 includes a central recessed portion 162, a middle raised portion 164 and an outer recessed portion 166. The middle raised portion 164 is substantially ring-shaped and substantially encircles the central recessed portion 162. The middle raised portion 164 is positioned in a plane that is spaced from a plane defined by the central recessed portion 162. A first tapered portion 168 extends between the central recessed portion 162 and the middle raised portion 164. The outer recessed portion 166 is substantially ring-shaped and substantially encircles the central recessed portion 162 and the middle raised portion 164. The outer recessed portion 166 is positioned in a plane that is spaced from the plane defined by the middle raised portion 164. In the illustrated embodiment, the central recessed portion 162 and the outer recessed portion 166 are substantially co-planar. A second tapered portion 170 extends between the middle raised portion 164 and the outer recessed portion 166.

The illustrated plate 120 includes a first slot 138 having a first slot portion 172, a second slot portion 174 and a third slot portion 176 and a second slot 178 having a first slot portion 180, a second slot portion 182 and a third slot portion 184. The first slot 138 and the second slot 178 are defined in the central recessed portion 162. The plate 120 is connected to the remaining components of the roof attachment assembly 18, 18′ to form a single assembled unit.

The first slot 138 is substantially identical to the second slot 178 and is circumferentially offset from the second slot 178. Only the first slot 138 will be discussed in detail herein, but the discussion equally applies to the second slot 178. The illustrated first slot portion 172 is positioned in the central recessed portion 162 and is substantially circular. The illustrated second slot portion 174 is substantially arcuate, extends along the central recessed portion 162 and is connected to the first slot portion 172. The illustrated third slot portion 176 is connected to the second slot portion 174 and is positioned on the central recessed portion 162. The first slot portion 172 defines a first width (which is a diameter in the illustrated embodiment), the second slot portion 174 defines a second width and the third slot portion 176 defines a third width. The first width is greater than the second width and the third width is greater than the first width and is greater than the second width. The first width is wider than the shaft 60 of the second fastener 36, but is narrower than the head 58 of the second fastener 36. The second width is substantially identical to the shaft 60 of the second fastener 36 and is narrower than the head 58 of the second fastener 36. The third width is wider than both the shaft 60 and the head 58 of the second fastener 36. The second fastener 36 is insertable through the third slot portion 176, along the second slot portion 174 and into the first slot portion 172. The first slot 138 is sized to receive the second fastener 36 after the second fastener 36 has been installed in the roofing system 10.

Installation of the roof attachment assembly 18, 18′ with the plate 120 on the roofing system 10 according to some embodiments is accomplished by the following steps: installing two of the second fasteners 36 into the roofing system 10 spaced apart from one another, positioning the roof attachment assembly 18, 18′ with the plate 120 above the second fasteners 36, lowering the roof attachment assembly 18, 18′ onto the roofing system 10 such that the second fasteners 36 are received in the respective first and second slots 138, 178, rotating the roof attachment assembly 18, 18′ with the plate 120 such that the second fasteners 36 move from the third slot portions 176, 184, along the second slot portions 174, 182 and into the first slot portions 172, 180, respectively, and welding the first membrane patch 22 onto the membrane 16.

Another plate 220 that is useable with the roof attachment assembly 18, 18′ is illustrated in FIG. 7. The plate 220 includes a first recessed portion 262, a first raised portion 264, a second recessed portion 266, a second raised portion 268 and a third recessed portion 270.

The first recessed portion 262 is substantially centrally located in the plate 220 and is substantially circular.

The first raised portion 264 is substantially ring-shaped and substantially encircles the first recessed portion 262. The first raised portion 264 is positioned in a plane that is spaced from a plane defined by the first recessed portion 262. A first tapered portion 272 extends between the first recessed portion 262 and the first raised portion 264.

The second recessed portion 266 is substantially ring-shaped and substantially encircles the first recessed portion 262 and the first raised portion 264. The second recessed portion 266 is positioned in a plane that is spaced from the plane defined by the first raised portion 264. In the illustrated embodiment, the first recessed portion 262 and the second recessed portion 266 are substantially co-planar. A second tapered portion 274 extends between the first raised portion 264 and the second recessed portion 266.

The second raised portion 268 is substantially ring-shaped and substantially encircles the first recessed portion 262, the first raised portion 264 and the second recessed portion 266. The second raised portion 268 is positioned in a plane that is spaced form the plane defined by the first and second recessed portions 262 and 266. In the illustrated embodiment, the first raised portion 264 and the second raised portion 268 are substantially co-planar. A third tapered portion 276 extends between the second recessed portion 266 and the second raised portion 268.

The third recessed portion 270 is substantially ring-shaped and substantially encircles the first recessed portion 262, the first raised portion 264, the second recessed portion 266 and the second raised portion 268. The third recessed portion 270 is positioned in a plane that is spaced from the plane defined by the first and second raised portions 264 and 268. In the illustrated embodiment, the first recessed portion 262, the second recessed portion 266 and the third recessed portion 270 are substantially co-planar. A fourth tapered portion 278 extends between the second raised portion 268 and the third recessed portion 270.

The illustrated plate 220 defines a first aperture 280 and a second aperture 282 defined in the second recessed portion 266. Other apertures can be formed in the second recessed portion (to have three, four or more total apertures). Also, one or more apertures can be provided in other portions of the plate 220. The plate 220 is connected to the remaining components of the roof attachment assembly 18, 18′ to form a single assembled unit.

Installation of the roof attachment assembly 18, 18′ with the plate 220 on the roofing system 10 according to some embodiments is accomplished by the following steps: positioning the roof attachment assembly 18, 18′ with the plate 220 on the roofing system 10, lifting a first portion of the first membrane patch 22 to expose the first aperture 280, inserting one second fastener 36 into the first aperture 280 and installing the second fastener 36 in the roofing system 10, lifting a second portion of the first membrane patch 22 to expose the second aperture 282, inserting another second fastener 36 into the second aperture 282 and installing the second fastener 36 in the roofing system 10, and welding the first membrane patch 22 onto the membrane 16.

Other shapes and quantities of recessed portions and raised portions can be utilized and the plates 20, 120, 220 illustrated in FIGS. 5-7 are given by way of example only.

Although the illustrated roof attachment assembly 18, 18′ is substantially circular, other shapes are possible. For example, the roof attachment assembly 18 can be square, ovular, round, rectangular, triangular, pentagonal or other regular or non-regular shape.

In some embodiments, a gauge can be utilized to assure that the second fastener(s) 36 are drilled to the proper depth, thereby leaving a sufficient amount of the shaft 60 above the roofing system 10 to permit the plate 20, 120 to be installed on the second fastener(s) 36. One such gauge 300 is illustrated in FIG. 8. The illustrated gauge 300 includes a plate portion 302 which is similar to the plate 20, and a handle 304. The plate portion 302 defines a slot 338 and includes a central recessed portion 362, a middle raised portion 364 and an outer recessed portion 366. The middle raised portion 364 is substantially ring-shaped and substantially encircles the central recessed portion 362. The middle raised portion 364 is positioned in a plane that is spaced from a plane defined by the central recessed portion 362. A first tapered portion 368 extends between the central recessed portion 362 and the middle raised portion 364. The outer recessed portion 366 is substantially ring-shaped and substantially encircles the central recessed portion 362 and the middle raised portion 364. The outer recessed portion 366 is positioned in a plane that is spaced from the plane defined by the middle raised portion 364. In the illustrated embodiment, the central recessed portion 362 and the outer recessed portion 366 are substantially co-planar. A second tapered portion 370 extends between the middle raised portion 364 and the outer recessed portion 366.

The slot 338 includes a first slot portion 372, a second slot portion 374 and a third slot portion 376. The illustrated first slot portion 372 is positioned in the central recessed portion 362, is substantially centrally located and is substantially circular. The illustrated second slot portion 374 is substantially linear, extends radially along the central recessed portion 362 and is connected to the first slot portion 372. The illustrated third slot portion 376 is connected to the second slot portion 374 and extends from the central recessed portion 362, across the first tapered portion 368 and onto the middle raised portion 364. The first slot portion 372 defines a first width (which is a diameter in the illustrated embodiment), the second slot portion 374 defines a second width and the third slot portion 376 defines a third width. The first width is greater than the second width and the third width is greater than the first width and is greater than the second width. The first width is wider than the shaft 360 of the second fastener 336, but is narrower than the head 358 of the second fastener 336. The second width is substantially identical to the shaft 360 of the second fastener 336 and is narrower than the head 358 of the second fastener 336. The third width is wider than both the shaft 360 and the head 358 of the second fastener 336.

The illustrated handle 304 includes a loop of material 380 and is coupled to the plate portion 302 with a fastener 382. Other shapes, sizes and configurations can be utilized in place of the illustrated handle 304, as long as it is graspable by a user to move the gauge 300.

A user can grasp the handle 304 while installing one of the second fasteners 36 through the first slot portion 372, such that the second fastener 36 is positioned at an appropriate depth in the roofing system 10. Then, the user can move the plate 320 with respect to the roofing system 10 to slide the second fastener 36 along the second slot portion 374 and through the third slot portion 376 to remove the plate 320 from the second fastener 36. The gauge 300 can be used multiple times to properly calibrate the distance the head 58 between the second fastener 36 and the roofing system 10 required to permit installation of the plate 20, 120 on the second fastener 36.

Another embodiment of a gauge 400 is illustrated in FIG. 9. The illustrated gauge 400 is a planar and is substantially rectangular in shape. The illustrated gauge 400 defines a slot 438 having a first slot portion 440 and a second slot portion 442. The illustrated first slot 438 is sized to receive the shaft 60 of the second fastener 36 therethrough, but is smaller than the head 58 of the second fastener 36. In some embodiments, the gauge 400 is approximate the size of a credit card, to permit a user to store the gauge 400 in a pocket or wallet.

A user can grasp the gauge 400 while installing one of the second fasteners 36 through the first slot portion 440, such that the second fastener 36 is positioned at an appropriate depth in the roofing system 10. Then, the user can move the gauge 400 with respect to the roofing system 10 to slide the second fastener 36 along the second slot portion 442 and out of the slot 438 to remove the gauge 400 from the second fastener 36. The gauge 400 can be used multiple times to properly calibrate the distance the head 58 between the second fastener 36 and the roofing system 10 required to permit installation of the plate 20, 120 on the second fastener 36.

FIGS. 10-15 illustrate a roof attachment assembly 518 according to some embodiments of the present invention. The roof attachment assembly 518 can be utilized on of any type of roof and is not limited to installation on membrane roofs. The roof attachment assembly 518 can be utilized to mount any of a number of roof mounted fixtures to a roof

The illustrated roof attachment assembly 518 includes a first plate 520, a second plate 522, a first fastener 524, a third plate 526, a flashing 528 and a compression plate 530. Although not specifically illustrated, the roof attachment assembly 518 also includes a washer, a nut and a second fastener similar to the washer 32, nut 34 and second fastener 36 of FIGS. 1-4.

The first plate 520 is substantially planar and includes a plurality of deformations 521 extending around a perimeter of the plate and a first aperture 538 that is substantially centrally located. The illustrated first aperture 538 includes a first portion 572, a second portion 574 and a third portion 576 (see FIG. 15). The illustrated first portion 572 is substantially centrally located and is substantially circular. The illustrated second portion 574 is substantially linear, extends radially and is connected to the first portion 572. The illustrated third portion 576 is connected to the second portion 574. The first portion 572 defines a first width (which is a diameter in the illustrated embodiment), the second portion 574 defines a second width and the third portion 376 defines a third width. The first width is substantially equal to the second width and the third width is greater than both the first width and the second width. The first width and second width are substantially identical to the shaft of the second fastener and are narrower than the head of the second fastener. The third width is wider than both the shaft and the head of the second fastener. The first aperture 538 allows the roof attachment assembly 518 to be installed on the roof surface as one piece, similar to the installation of the roof attachment assemblies described above.

The second plate 522 includes a central protrusion 523 and a generally planar perimeter 525 that is separated from the central protrusion 523 by a tapered portion 527. The tapered portion 527 provides a recess between the first plate 520 and the second plate 522 that provides sufficient space for the head of the second fastener to be inserted into the first aperture 538.

The illustrated second plate 522 defines a plurality of deformations 529 and a plurality of apertures 531 in the generally planar perimeter 525. The illustrated second plate 522 also defines a plurality of deformations 533 in the central protrusion 523.

The first plate 520 and the second plate 522 are connected by at least one non-penetrating mechanical fastener. In the illustrated embodiments, the deformations 521 in the first plate 520 and the deformations 529 in the perimeter 525 of the second plate 522 denote the locations at which the first and second plates 520, 522 are connected by a non-penetrating mechanical fastener.

In the illustrated embodiment, the deformations 521, 529 in the first and second plates 520, 522 are deformed upward (away from the first plate 520). In other embodiments, the deformations 521, 529 can be deformed downward. In the illustrated embodiment, the first and second plates 520, 522 are connected by a Tog-L-Loc® sheet metal clinching system. In other embodiments, the first and second plates 520, 522 are connected by one or more of spot welding, adhesive, brazing or any other suitable non-penetrating mechanical fastener.

The illustrated first fastener 524 is a double-hex bolt that includes a hex aperture at the head end and at the shaft end. This permits a user to prevent rotation of the first fastener 524 by inserting a tool, such as an Allen wrench, into the end of the shaft so that the user can tighten the nut onto the first fastener 524 without having to contact the head of the first fastener 524.

The illustrated third plate 526 includes a taper 548, a central aperture 550 and a plurality of deformations 551 positioned around a perimeter of the third plate 526. The third plate 526 has a smaller diameter than the central protrusion 523 of the second plate 522, whereas the first plate 520 has a larger diameter than the central protrusion 523.

The second plate 522 and the third plate 526 are connected by at least one non-penetrating mechanical fastener. In the illustrated embodiments, the deformations 533 in the second plate 522 and the deformations 551 in the third plate 526 denote the locations at which the second and third plates 522, 526 are connected by a non-penetrating mechanical fastener.

The illustrated deformations 533, 551 protrude downwardly, toward the roof surface. In the event of failure (i.e., the third plate 526 separating from the second plate 522), the deformations 551 will pull out of the deformations 533 without creating an additional leak point. The use of a non-penetrating fastener, as opposed to a penetrating fastener such as a rivet, bolt, screw or the like, is that if the second and third plates 522, 526 are pulled apart, no new leak points are created. In an embodiment which utilizes a fastener that penetrates the second and third plates 522, 526, if the plates 522, 526 were pulled apart, the penetrations in the second and/or third plates 522, 526 would create new leak points.

The first fastener 524 includes a head end positioned between the second plate 522 and the third plate 526 and a shaft extending through the aperture 550 in the third plate 526. The shaft engages the nut and washer to support any of a number of roof mounted fixtures.

In the event of failure (i.e., in the form of the fastener 524 pulling out of the aperture 550), no new leak points are created because the third plate 526 is connected to the second plate 522 by a non-penetrating fastener, so there are no holes in the second plate 522 to form leak points.

In the illustrated embodiment, the flashing 528 and the second plate 522 are both substantially square. In other embodiments, the flashing 528 and/or the second plate 522 can be other regular or non-regular geometric shapes. The flashing 528 has a greater surface area than the surface area of the second plate 522. Therefore, the flashing 528 extends beyond the locations of the aperture 531 to inhibit leaking of fluid through the apertures in the roof created by inserting fasteners through the apertures 531. The flashing 528 is made of one or more materials that correspond to the roof material. For example, metal, membrane material or other suitable material can be utilized as the flashing 528. In some embodiments, caulk or tar can be included around a perimeter of the flashing 528 to form a seal between the flashing 528 and the roof surface. Additionally or alternatively, caulk or tar can be included between the second plate 522 and the roof surface to form a seal between the second plate 522 and the roof surface.

The flashing 528 defines an opening 553 that is substantially centrally located. The illustrated flashing 528 also includes a taper 555 around a perimeter of the opening 553. The taper 555 in the flashing 528 substantially corresponds to the taper 527 in the second plate 522. The taper 555 can be formed into the flashing 528 or the flashing 528 can be deformed to conform to the taper 527. The opening 553 is larger than the third plate 526 such that in the event that the third plate 526 separates from the second plate 522, the flashing 528 is not significantly bent, torn or damaged. This substantially avoids creating additional leak points upon failure of the roof attachment assembly 518, such as when the third plate 526 separates from the second plate 522.

The compression plate 530 includes a central aperture 557 and an outer taper 559. The central aperture 557 is sized to receive the first fastener 524 and the outer taper 559 is sized to clamp the taper 555 of the flashing 528 against the taper 527 of the second plate 522. The compression plate 530 enhances the seal formed between the flashing 528 and the second plate 522 to inhibit fluid from leaking into the aperture 553 of the flashing 528. In the illustrated embodiment, an outer perimeter of the compression plate 530 tapers upward (see FIG. 12). In some embodiments, caulk or tar can be applied to flashing 528 and the compression plate 530 before or after installation to ensure that the flashing 528 and the compression plate 530 form a seal. While the illustrated compression plate 530 is round, other shapes can be utilized.

FIGS. 13-15 omit the flashing 528 and the compression plate 530 for clarity.

FIGS. 16-17 illustrate a roof attachment assembly 618 according to some embodiments of the present invention. The roof attachment assembly 618 can be utilized on of any type of roof and is not limited to installation on membrane roofs. The roof attachment assembly 618 can be utilized to mount any of a number of roof mounted fixtures to a roof. The roof attachment assembly 618 is similar to the roof attachment assembly 518. Therefore, only the differences between the roof attachment assembly 618 and the roof attachment assembly 518 will be discussed in detail.

The illustrated roof attachment assembly 618 includes a first plate 620, a second plate 622, a first fastener 624, a third plate 626, a flashing 628 and a compression plate 630. Although not specifically illustrated, the roof attachment assembly 618 also includes a washer, a nut and a second fastener similar to the washer 32, nut 34 and second fastener 36 of FIGS. 1-4.

The primary difference between the roof attachment assembly 618 and the roof attachment assembly 518 is that the first plate 620 is non-planar. Namely, the first plate 620 includes a central recessed portion 662, a tapered portion 668 and an outer raised portion 664. A first aperture 638 is formed in the central recessed portion 662 and deformations 621 are formed in the outer raised portion 664. In some embodiments, the first plate can be replaced with any of the plates shown in FIGS. 1-7.

The second plate 622 includes a central protrusion 623 and a generally planar perimeter 625 that is separated from the central protrusion 623 by a tapered portion 627. The tapered portions 627, 668 provide a recess between the first plate 620 and the second plate 622 that provides sufficient space for the head of the second fastener to be inserted into the first aperture 638.

The illustrated second plate 622 defines a plurality of apertures 631 in the generally planar perimeter 625. The illustrated second plate 622 also defines a first plurality of deformations 629, and a plurality of deformations 633 in the central protrusion 623.

The illustrated first fastener 624 is a double-hex bolt that includes a hex aperture at the head end and at the shaft end. This permits a user to prevent rotation of the first fastener 624 by inserting a tool, such as an Allen wrench, into the end of the shaft so that the user can tighten the nut onto the first fastener 624 without having to contact the head of the first fastener 624.

The illustrated third plate 626 includes a taper 648, a central aperture 650 and a plurality of deformations 651 positioned around a perimeter of the third plate 626. The third plate 626 has a smaller diameter than the central protrusion 623 of the second plate 622, and the first plate 620 has a smaller diameter than the central protrusion 623.

The flashing 628 defines an opening 653 that is substantially centrally located. The illustrated flashing 628 also includes a taper 655 around a perimeter of the opening 653. The taper 655 in the flashing 628 substantially corresponds to the taper 627 in the second plate 622.

The compression plate 630 includes a central aperture 657 and an outer taper 659. The central aperture 657 is sized to receive the first fastener 624 and the outer taper 659 is sized to clamp the taper 655 of the flashing 628 against the taper 627 of the second plate 622. The compression plate 630 enhances the seal formed between the flashing 628 and the second plate 622 to inhibit fluid from leaking into the aperture 653 of the flashing 628.

The roof attachment assembly 618 functions similarly to the roof attachment assembly 518 and reference is made to the description of the roof attachment assembly 518 for the function of the roof attachment assembly 618.

In some embodiments, such as in the roof attachment assembly 718, the flashing 528, 628 and the compression plate 530, 630 can be replaced by a single piece flashing 728. The single piece flashing 728 can be metallic, elastomeric or other suitable material. The remaining features and components of the roof attachment assembly 718 substantially correspond to features and components of the roof attachment assembly 518. Reference is made to the description of the roof attachment assembly 518 for the remaining features and components of the roof attachment assembly 718.

Various features and advantages of the invention are set forth in the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A roof mounting system for mounting one or more roof-mounted fixtures to a roof, the roofing mounting system comprising: a bottom plate; a top plate; a first fastener connecting the top plate to the bottom plate, the first fastener including at least one non-penetrating mechanical fastener; a second fastener connecting the bottom plate to the roof; and a membrane connected to the roof and positioned to cover at least a portion of the bottom plate, wherein a first force is required to separate the bottom plate from the roof, and a second force is required to separate the top plate from the bottom plate, and wherein the first force is greater than the second force.
 2. The roof mounting system of claim 1, further comprising a base plate having an aperture, the base plate being positioned between the bottom plate and the roof, and a third fastener having a head positioned between the bottom plate and the base plate and a shaft extending through the base plate aperture and into the roof.
 3. The roof mounting system of claim 2, wherein the base plate aperture includes a first portion, a second portion and a third portion, wherein the first portion has a first width extending substantially perpendicular to an axis of the third fastener, wherein the third portion has a second width extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the third fastener, wherein the second width is greater than the first width, and wherein the second portion connects the first portion and the third portion.
 4. The roof mounting system of claim 3, wherein after the third fastener is coupled to the roof, the third head is insertable into the third portion and slidable along the second portion toward the first portion.
 5. The roof mounting system of claim 2, wherein the bottom plate is connected to the base plate by at least one non-penetrating mechanical fastener.
 6. The roof mounting system of claim 1, further comprising a cap positioned to compress the membrane against the bottom plate to thereby form a seal between the cap and the bottom plate.
 7. The roof mounting system of claim 1, wherein the membrane defines an opening that has an opening diameter and the top plate has a top plate diameter, wherein the opening diameter is greater than or equal to the top plate diameter.
 8. The roof mounting system of claim 7, wherein the bottom plate includes a taper and wherein the top plate is sized to contact the taper and to clamp the membrane against the taper to form a seal between the top plate and the taper of the bottom plate.
 9. The roof mounting system of claim 1, wherein the membrane is operable to form a seal with the roof around a perimeter of the membrane.
 10. The roof mounting system of claim 1, wherein the first fastener and the second fastener are non-identical.
 11. A roof mounting system for mounting one or more roof-mounted fixtures to a roof, the roofing mounting system comprising: a roof attachment assembly mountable to the roof, the roof attachment assembly including a bottom plate having a plurality of bottom plate apertures, a top plate including a top plate aperture, the top plate being connected to the bottom plate by at least one non-penetrating mechanical fastener, and a first fastener including a first head positioned between the top plate and the bottom plate and a first shaft extending through the top plate aperture; and a second fastener including a second head positioned above the bottom plate and a second shaft extending through one of the plurality of bottom plate apertures and into the roof to couple the roof attachment assembly to the roof, wherein a first force is required to separate the bottom plate from the roof, and a second force is required to separate the top plate from the bottom plate, and wherein the first force is greater than the second force.
 12. The roof mounting system of claim 11, further comprising a base plate having an aperture, the base plate being positioned between the bottom plate and the roof, and a third fastener having a third head positioned between the bottom plate and the base plate and a third shaft extending through the base plate aperture and into the roof.
 13. The roof mounting system of claim 12, wherein the base plate aperture includes a first portion, a second portion and a third portion, wherein the first portion has a first width extending substantially perpendicular to an axis of the third fastener, wherein the third portion has a second width extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the third fastener, wherein the second width is greater than the first width, and wherein the second portion connects the first portion and the third portion.
 14. The roof mounting system of claim 13, wherein after the third fastener is coupled to the roof, the third head is insertable into the third portion and slidable along the second portion toward the first portion.
 15. The roof mounting system of claim 12, wherein the bottom plate is connected to the base plate by at least one non-penetrating mechanical fastener and wherein the top plate is connected to the bottom plate by at least one non-penetrating mechanical fastener.
 16. The roof mounting system of claim 11, further comprising a membrane having an opening and a cap sized to substantially cover the opening, and wherein the membrane and the cap are positionable on the top plate such that the opening is substantially aligned with the top plate.
 17. The roof mounting system of claim 16, wherein the opening in the membrane defines a first diameter and the top plate defines a second diameter, wherein the first diameter is greater than or equal to the second diameter.
 18. The roof mounting system of claim 17, wherein the bottom plate includes a taper and wherein the cap is sized to contact the taper and to clamp the membrane against the taper to form a seal between the cap and the taper of the bottom plate.
 19. The roof mounting system of claim 11, further comprising a flashing positionable over the roof attachment assembly and defining a flashing opening, and a cap positionable over the flashing opening to form a seal around a perimeter of the flashing opening.
 20. The roof mounting system of claim 11, wherein the first fastener and the second fastener are non-identical.
 21. A roof mounting system for mounting one or more roof-mounted fixtures to a roof, the roofing mounting system comprising: a roof attachment assembly mountable to the roof, the roof attachment assembly including a bottom plate having a plurality of bottom plate apertures, a top plate including a top plate aperture, the top plate being connected to the bottom plate, and a first fastener including a first head positioned between the top plate and the bottom plate and a first shaft extending through the top plate aperture; and a second fastener including a second head positioned above the bottom plate and a second shaft extending through one of the plurality of bottom plate apertures and into the roof to couple the roof attachment assembly to the roof, a flashing positionable over the roof attachment assembly and defining a flashing opening; and a cap positionable over the flashing opening to form a seal around a perimeter of the flashing opening; wherein a first force is required to separate the bottom plate from the roof, and a second force is required to separate the top plate from the bottom plate, and wherein the first force is greater than the second force. 